A Mathematical Method for Estimating the Critical Slope Angle of Sheet Erosion

Estimating the critical slope angle (CSA) for sheet erosion is important precision estimation of and development control practices. This study developed mathematical equations considering rainfall intensity soil infiltration to efficiently estimate both instantaneous (at a given instant during rainfall) cumulative CSAs, while also providing valuable explanation change in CSA. The were consistent with observations from runoff plots (NSE = −1.01) loess soils Zhangjiakou (China) simulation results 0.96) Water Erosion Prediction Project model loam Montana (USA). Estimated CSA determined by increased as ratio (I/f) increased, resulting higher observed after heavy versus normal events. Heavy rainfall, compacted soil, varying duration affected changing I/f ratio. Maximum provided better prediction changes dynamics than that obtained CSAs field or experimental simulations. illustrate underlying physical mechanisms which affect through shear stress overland flow. this provide information guiding effective strategies.